Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) and Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) are stimulant medications often prescribed to manage symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. While both drugs share similarities and are effective in treating these conditions, there are key differences that may make one more suitable for certain individuals. This article explores the distinctions between Dexedrine and Adderall, their potential side effects, and their impact on weight loss.
Understanding ADHD and Its Treatment
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that typically begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. Symptoms of ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, difficulty maintaining attention, and being easily distracted. Effective treatments for ADHD often involve a combination of psychotherapy, behavior training, and medication.
Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, the active ingredients in Adderall and Dexedrine, are central nervous system stimulants. While the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, these drugs are believed to increase the availability of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to improve focus and attention. Surprisingly, stimulants can help calm a person with ADHD.
Dexedrine and Adderall: How They Differ
While both Dexedrine and Adderall are stimulants used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy, their active ingredients differ, leading to variations in how they affect neurotransmitters in the brain.
- Dexedrine: Dexedrine is a brand-name medication with a generic version called dextroamphetamine sulfate. It primarily stimulates the release of norepinephrine in the brain's cerebral cortex, resulting in increased motor activity, alertness, and improved mood.
- Adderall: Adderall combines amphetamine salts in a 3:1 ratio of dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine. This combination allows Adderall to inhibit dopamine reuptake and target the peripheral nervous system in addition to the central nervous system.
Forms and Dosing
Both Dexedrine and Adderall are available in various forms and dosages, allowing for individualized treatment plans.
Read also: Weight Loss with Adderall: What You Need to Know
- Dexedrine: Dexedrine is available in immediate-release tablets, extended-release capsules (Dexedrine Spansules), and a liquid suspension.
- Adderall: Adderall is available in immediate-release tablets and extended-release capsules (Adderall XR).
Dosage varies depending on individual needs and response to the medication. Doctors typically prescribe the lowest effective dose and gradually adjust it as needed.
- Dexedrine Dosage: For children aged 3 to 5, the starting dose of Dexedrine is typically 2.5 mg daily, which may be increased by 2.5 mg each week if needed. For those aged 6 and above, the starting dose is usually 5 mg once or twice daily, which can be increased by 5 mg each week if required.
- Adderall Dosage: For children aged 3 to 5 with ADHD, the recommended starting dose of Adderall is 2.5 mg daily, with potential weekly increases of 2.5 mg if necessary. Those aged 6 years and above can usually begin by taking 5 mg of Adderall once or twice daily, increasing the dosage by 5 mg each week as needed.
Side Effects, Warnings, and Risks
Both Dexedrine and Adderall share a similar set of potential side effects, warnings, and risks due to their amphetamine content.
Common Side Effects
- Decreased appetite
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Weight loss
- Upset stomach or minor stomach cramps
- Dizziness
- Changes in libido or impotence
Less Common Side Effects
- Agitation and irritability
- Anxiety and unease
- Blurred vision
- Tics
- Nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting
- Fever
- Allergic reactions
- Chest tightness and difficulty breathing
- Extreme energy or restlessness
- Confusion and disorientation
- Hallucinations and paranoia
- Abnormal heartbeat and blood pressure
- Numb, cold, or pale toes and fingers
- Unexplained wounds on the toes or fingers
- Weakness, tenderness, or sore muscles for no reason
- Hair loss
- Dark red urine
Serious Side Effects
Both medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including tachycardia and palpitation. In some cases, heart attacks and sudden death have occurred.
Warnings and Risks
- Potential for Abuse and Dependence: Both Dexedrine and Adderall are classified as Schedule II drugs by the FDA, indicating a high potential for abuse and dependence.
- Cardiovascular Risks: These medications can cause increases in blood pressure and heart rate. They are not recommended for individuals with advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, moderate to severe hypertension, or other heart conditions.
- Psychiatric Risks: Dexedrine and Adderall may exacerbate behavior disturbances in those with psychiatric disorders and can cause new or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
- Serotonin Syndrome: Taking these medications with serotonergic drugs, such as antidepressants, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There haven't been extensive studies conducted on how either drug affects pregnant women and their babies. However, there are concerns that amphetamines, even used at prescribed levels, may pose risks to a developing fetus, such as lower birth weight or premature birth. There is also a risk of behavioral problems in childhood. Nursing mothers should not take these drugs. Amphetamines can pass through breast milk and have toxic effects on infants.
- Drug Interactions: Amphetamines in both medications may interact negatively with several other medications. These drugs can interfere with the action of anti-seizure medications, like ethosuximide, phenobarbital, or phenytoin. The drugs may block the sedative effects of antihistamines in allergy medications. Antihypertensive drugs may be less effective at lowering blood pressure if you take either drug. There is also a risk of complications if you take these ADHD medications and certain antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs.
Dexedrine vs. Adderall: Which is More Effective?
The effectiveness of Dexedrine and Adderall can vary depending on the individual. Some studies suggest that Adderall may be more effective at decreasing overall ADHD symptoms and reducing symptom severity. However, Dexedrine remains a potential treatment option, thanks to its ability to reduce symptom severity.
Cost and Availability
Both Dexedrine and Adderall are available in generic forms, which are typically less expensive than brand-name medications. However, the actual cost can vary depending on insurance coverage and pharmacy.
Read also: Does Adderall Help You Lose Weight?
The Impact on Weight Loss
Both Dexedrine and Adderall can cause weight loss as a side effect due to their appetite-suppressing properties. Stimulant drugs like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) make you less hungry and make your body burn calories faster than usual. Some of them are even used to help people lose weight or treat binge eating.
However, it's important to note that using these medications solely for weight loss is not recommended. These medications should only be used for weight loss when the individual has not responded to other weight loss interventions, such as diet, exercise, other medications, or group programs.
It’s also important to note that the weight loss effects of ADHD medication can lead to unhealthy eating habits.
Managing Weight While Taking ADHD Medication
If you're concerned about weight gain or loss while taking Dexedrine or Adderall, there are several strategies you can implement:
- Maintain a Healthy Diet: Focus on consuming nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.
- Engage in Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help burn calories and improve overall health.
- Monitor Your Appetite: Be mindful of your hunger cues and avoid overeating or skipping meals.
- Avoid Junk Foods: Keep chips, candy, and other junk foods out of your house. Stock your fridge and pantry with good-for-you treats like these in case you have a craving: Fresh fruit, Carrot and celery sticks, Nuts, Cheese sticks, Low-fat yogurt.
- Cook meals ahead of time: To make meals easier, cook a big batch of dinners at once and freeze them. Or use a prepared healthy meal service that delivers to your door.
- Consult Your Doctor: Discuss any weight-related concerns with your doctor, who can provide personalized advice and adjust your medication if necessary.
Read also: The Truth About Adderall, Weight Loss, and Weight Gain