The "Today" show on July 26, 2010, featured segments on various topics, including a discussion on the science of sweating, often a concern during the summer months. Dr. Carrie Peterson, a contributor to Women's Health magazine, shared insights into the biology of sweating, its causes, and potential treatments.
The Biology of Sweating
Sweating is a vital bodily function that helps regulate body temperature. As warm-blooded mammals, humans must maintain a constant internal temperature to survive. When the body temperature rises, sweating is triggered to cool it down. This temperature increase can occur due to various factors, including warm weather, stress, or even simple bodily functions like digestion and breathing.
When body temperature increases, the brain signals the sweat center, also known as the sympathetic nervous system, to release an impulse. This impulse travels through the thousands of nerves in the body and reaches the sweat glands. Upon reaching the sweat glands, a chemical is released, causing the glands to secrete fluid. This fluid is composed of approximately 99% water and 1% salt.
Excessive Sweating: Hyperhidrosis
While sweating is a normal physiological process, some individuals experience excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis. The average person sweats about 1.5 ounces a day, equivalent to a shot glass full. In contrast, individuals with hyperhidrosis sweat approximately seven ounces a day, which can lead to social embarrassment and discomfort. Hyperhidrosis affects about 3% of the population.
The Source of Body Odor
Sweat itself is odorless. The characteristic smell associated with sweat arises from glands located near the sweat glands, called apocrine glands. These glands release an oily substance that is broken down by bacteria on the skin into acid. It is this acid that produces the odor.
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Ways to Control Sweating
There are several methods to control sweating, ranging from over-the-counter products to medical procedures.
Deodorants vs. Antiperspirants
It's important to distinguish between deodorants and antiperspirants. Deodorants primarily mask odor, while antiperspirants work to reduce sweat production. Antiperspirants contain aluminum zirconium, which causes the ducts to swell, preventing sweat from escaping.
Prescription-Strength Antiperspirants
For individuals who sweat profusely, prescription-strength antiperspirants containing aluminum chloride, such as Drysol, may be more effective. These should be applied to dry skin at night for optimal results. Applying them in the morning after showering, when the skin is moist, can be less effective and may cause irritation if used twice a day.
Botox Injections
Botox injections are another option for controlling excessive sweating, particularly in the forehead and armpits. This treatment involves injecting botulinum toxin into the affected areas, which weakens the muscles under the skin and reduces sweat production. The effects of Botox injections typically last for about eight months, but the treatment can be expensive, costing around $800 per treatment.
Oral Medications
Oral medications, such as Robinol, can also be used to manage excessive sweating, especially in the face. Robinol works by blocking acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates sweat glands. However, this medication is not suitable for everyone.
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Surgical Options
In extreme cases of hyperhidrosis, surgical options may be considered.
Medical Conditions
Excessive sweating can sometimes be a symptom of underlying medical conditions, such as thyroid disease, menopause, adrenal disease, lymphoma, or leukemia. If you experience excessive sweating, it is essential to consult with a doctor to rule out any underlying medical issues.
Conclusion
Sweating is a normal and necessary bodily function that helps regulate body temperature. However, excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, can be a source of embarrassment and discomfort for some individuals. Fortunately, there are various ways to manage sweating, ranging from over-the-counter products to medical procedures. If you are concerned about excessive sweating, consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for you.
Gray Divorce: Navigating the Challenges of Later-Life Splits
On July 26, 2010, "Today" addressed the topic of "gray divorce," the increasing phenomenon of couples divorcing after two decades or more of marriage. The segment featured Donna, a senior writer for Money magazine, and psychiatrist Gail Saltz, a "Today" contributor, who offered insights into the emotional and financial challenges of gray divorce.
The Rising Trend of Gray Divorce
The news of Al and Tipper Gore's separation surprised many, but they are not alone. Approximately a quarter of all recent divorces in the United States involve couples who have been married for two decades or longer. These divorces present unique challenges due to the intertwined nature of family, finances, and emotions built over many years.
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Emotional Challenges
Gail Saltz noted that divorcing later in life can be particularly painful, often more so than divorces involving younger couples. While younger couples may focus on their children, those undergoing gray divorce often grapple with feelings of loneliness, concerns about aging and health, and anxieties about starting over. The fear of not finding companionship again is a significant concern, as the pool of potential partners may seem smaller at this stage of life.
Financial Considerations
Donna from Money magazine emphasized the substantial financial stakes involved in gray divorce. Unlike some divorces, the division of assets accumulated over decades requires careful consideration. While nine states follow community property laws, mandating a 50/50 split, most divorces are settled through negotiation, requiring careful attention to various assets and their implications.
The Marital Home
The marital home often becomes a central point of contention. One spouse may desire to keep the house, potentially offering other assets in exchange. However, it's crucial to assess whether maintaining the home is financially feasible on a single income, considering mortgage payments, insurance, property taxes, and upkeep costs.
Retirement Assets
Retirement assets, including 401(k)s, IRAs, and pensions, are also subject to division in a divorce. These assets are considered marital property and are open to negotiation. Pensions, in particular, can be valuable and should be carefully considered. It's essential to be aware of the tax implications associated with dividing these assets.
The Importance of Financial Expertise
Navigating the financial complexities of gray divorce often requires professional guidance. Consulting with a divorce-certified financial analyst can provide valuable advice on dividing assets and understanding the potential financial impact of different decisions.
Seeking Emotional Support
Gail Saltz highlighted that many couples undergoing gray divorce do not seek emotional support due to feelings of embarrassment or shame. However, it's crucial to recognize that they are not alone and that seeking support from family, friends, or a therapist can be immensely helpful. Support groups can also provide a sense of community and connection with others going through similar experiences.
Planning for the Future
Donna emphasized the importance of financial planning both before and after divorce. Understanding one's financial situation and creating a plan for the future can help ensure a fresh start and financial stability.
Conclusion
Gray divorce presents unique emotional and financial challenges. By understanding these challenges and seeking appropriate support and guidance, couples can navigate this difficult transition and move forward towards a new chapter in their lives.
The Baltimore Marathon: More Than Just a Race
On a Saturday morning, "11 News" provided live coverage of the 2009 Baltimore Marathon. The event brought together 20,000 runners, including returning champions aiming to defend their titles. The coverage highlighted not only the race itself but also the stories and preparations surrounding it.
Preparations and Anticipation
The day before the marathon, runners flocked to the Maryland Expo, seeking advice on nutrition and strategies for dealing with potential rain. Jim Adams, from Falls Road Running, addressed their concerns, suggesting garbage bags for warmth in case of rain. Organizers worked diligently to set up the finish line, trucking in 20,000 bags of Utz potato chips and 30,000 bottles of water.
Weather Concerns
The weather was a significant concern for participants and spectators alike. The forecast indicated a 30-40% chance of rain showers, but the temperatures were expected to hold steady. Meteorologist said that showers were in the mountains and still had to come through to the downtown area.
Hospital Visitation Policy Changes Due to H1N1 Virus
In response to rising concerns about the H1N1 virus, a local hospital implemented changes to its visitation policy to protect patients from swine flu. The new policies restricted visitors, particularly children under 17.
Speed Cameras Near Schools
Baltimore County announced the installation of speed cameras near 15 county schools. The cameras, activated Monday through Friday from 6:00 AM to 8:00 PM, aimed to reduce speeding in school zones.
School Bus Incident
A school bus driver in Baltimore County got lost on the first day of the route, leaving 18 students stranded. The driver was placed on administrative leave pending an investigation.
A Law Student's Fight for Life
The coverage included the story of John Petrovich, a Baltimore law school student who discovered he had an aggressive form of brain cancer while training for the marathon. Doctors said that without the stress running put on the brain, the tumor probably wouldn't have presented itself for a year or more. After brain surgery, Petrovich was determined to run and finish the Baltimore Marathon. Despite undergoing radiation and chemotherapy, he resumed training and returned to law school. He aimed to raise money for brain cancer research at Johns Hopkins.
President Obama's Nobel Peace Prize
President Obama's receipt of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was discussed, with various opinions expressed on the merits of the award.