Weight loss injections have emerged as a popular option for individuals seeking assistance in their weight loss journey. These injectable medications, when combined with a comprehensive diet and exercise plan, can significantly aid in achieving a healthy weight. Research indicates that semaglutide 2.4 mg (Wegovy) can lead to a weight loss of up to 20 percent within a year. This article delves into the various types of weight loss injections available, how they work, their benefits, and considerations for choosing the right treatment.
How Weight Loss Injections Work
Generally, weight loss injections such as liraglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide are GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists. These medications mimic the action of the GLP-1 hormone, which is naturally released in response to food intake. GLP-1 plays a crucial role in regulating appetite, food intake, and blood sugar levels.
By mimicking GLP-1, these injections help:
- Regulate Appetite: Reduce hunger and cravings.
- Control Food Intake: Promote a feeling of fullness, leading to reduced food consumption.
- Manage Blood Sugar: Improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood glucose levels.
Administration Methods
Weight loss injections are typically administered via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SubQ) injection. The specific administration method varies depending on the type of injection and the healthcare provider's recommendations.
Intramuscular (IM) Injections
In this method, the injection is delivered directly into a muscle.
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- Common Injection Sites: Upper arm, thigh, or buttocks.
- Process: The healthcare provider cleans the injection site, inserts the needle into the muscle at the appropriate angle and depth, and then injects the medication.
Subcutaneous (SubQ) Injections
Subcutaneous injections are administered just under the skin, into the fatty tissue.
- Common Injection Sites: Abdomen (around the belly button), thighs, or upper outer arm.
- Process: The healthcare provider cleans the injection site, pinches the skin to create a fold, inserts the needle at a 45 to 90-degree angle, and then injects the medication.
Autoinjectors
Some weight loss injections come in pre-filled autoinjectors, which automatically deliver the medication when activated. Autoinjectors can simplify the injection process, making it more convenient for individuals who self-administer injections at home.
The frequency of weight loss injections varies depending on the specific medication and the healthcare provider's recommendations, ranging from daily to weekly or other intervals.
Types of Weight Loss Injections
Several types of weight loss injections are available, each with its unique mechanism of action and benefits.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications that mimic the effects of the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone. These injections help control hunger and reduce appetite by binding to GLP-1 receptors.
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- Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic): Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for weight loss in adults and children aged 12 years or more with obesity (BMI ≥30 for adults, BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex for children) or some adults with excess weight (BMI ≥27) who also have weight-related medical problems. It is administered as an injection, with the dose gradually increased over 16 to 20 weeks to reach the 2.4 mg dosage. Semaglutide is intended for long-term use, combined with a healthy diet and exercise. Ozempic, while not FDA-approved for weight loss, can be used for this purpose and is approved for people with type 2 diabetes at risk of cardiovascular problems.
- Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza): Liraglutide is a daily injectable medication that acts on hormones, sending signals from the gut to the brain to create a feeling of fullness and decrease hunger signals. Doses range from 0.6 mg to 3 mg a day. Some patients may experience a 5-10% body weight loss, particularly with the higher dose. Liraglutide is also approved for Type 2 Diabetes under the brand name Victoza.
- Lilly's Orforglipron: Lilly is developing orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 inhibitor, which completed a Phase 3 clinical trial in early 2025. It may offer an alternative for those who prefer not to have injections.
Dual Receptor Agonists
Tirzepatide injections are dual receptor agonists of both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, making them more potent than GLP-1 injections alone.
- Tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro): Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist that suppresses appetite, improves satiety, and supports metabolic health. In the SURMOUNT-1 trial, adults with obesity or overweight (without diabetes) taking tirzepatide achieved up to 22.5% average body weight reduction at 72 weeks. Zepbound is approved to treat obesity in adults with a BMI of 30 or greater and is meant to be used with diet and exercise to lose weight. Mounjaro is FDA-approved to help manage blood sugar in people with diabetes but can be used off-label for weight loss.
Other Injectable Medications
- Setmelanotide: Setmelanotide is a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist indicated for chronic weight management in adult and pediatric patients six years and older with obesity due to certain rare genetic disorders.
- Lilly's Retatrutide: Lilly is also developing retatrutide, which targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. In Phase 2 clinical trials, participants lost up to 24.2% of body weight at 48 weeks.
Future Developments
- Amgen's MariTide: Amgen is developing MariTide, a monoclonal antibody designed to increase GLP-1 receptor activity while reducing GIP receptor activity. The once-monthly injection entered Phase 3 clinical trials in March 2025.
Oral Medications
While this article focuses on injections, it's worth mentioning oral medications for weight loss:
- Phentermine: Phentermine is the oldest and most widely used weight loss medication. It was originally used as a short-term medication to jump-start weight loss, but newer medical guidelines have added it to long-term therapy.
- Phentermine-Topiramate (Qsymia): Topiramate can be combined with phentermine to decrease appetite and cravings. Adults with migraines and obesity are good candidates for this weight-loss medication.
- Naltrexone-Bupropion (Contrave): Naltrexone-bupropion combines an opioid receptor antagonist with an antidepressant to affect the pleasure-reward areas of the brain, thereby decreasing cravings and appetite.
- Orlistat (Xenical, Alli): Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor that comes in a capsule, preventing the body from absorbing fat. An over-the-counter formulation is available at 60 mg capsules with each fat-containing meal.
Other Weight Loss Aids
- Plenity: Plenity is a medical device FDA-cleared in 2019 for people with a BMI of 25 to 40. It consists of a capsule that releases a biodegradable, super-absorbent hydrogel into the stomach, increasing satiety and enabling the person to eat less.
- Skinny Shots: Skinny shots contain a blend of nourishing vitamins and lipotropic compounds that help activate the breakdown of fat during metabolism in the body. They also contain amino acids to increase energy and aid in weight loss.
Benefits of Weight Loss Injections
The benefits of weight loss injections often outweigh the mild to moderate side effects that some individuals experience. These injections can provide significant assistance in achieving a healthy weight and improving overall health.
- Effective Weight Loss: Weight loss injections, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual receptor agonists, have demonstrated significant weight loss results in clinical trials.
- Improved Metabolic Health: Studies show improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic markers with the use of weight loss injections.
- Appetite Regulation: These injections help regulate appetite, reduce cravings, and promote a feeling of fullness, making it easier to adhere to a healthy diet.
- Blood Sugar Control: GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide can help manage blood sugar levels, making them beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Increased Energy: Some injections, like skinny shots, contain vitamins and amino acids that can boost energy levels and reduce mental fog.
Considerations Before Starting Weight Loss Injections
Before starting weight loss injections, several factors should be considered:
- BMI Threshold: Weight loss injections are typically prescribed for individuals who have not been successful with diet and exercise alone and have a BMI above a certain threshold. The guidelines for tirzepatide (Zepbound) and semaglutide (Wegovy) state that a patient should have a BMI of 30 or a BMI of 27 with weight-related health problems.
- Comprehensive Weight Loss Program: Weight loss injections are usually used as part of a comprehensive weight loss program that includes lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular physical activity.
- Health History: A doctor will review your full health history, including past and current medical conditions, family history, previous weight loss attempts, and medications, to determine if weight loss injections are right for you.
- Potential Side Effects: Common side effects of weight loss injections include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and fatigue. It is important to discuss potential side effects with your healthcare provider.
- Cost and Insurance Coverage: GLP-1s are notoriously costly. Insurance coverage varies and will affect many patients’ choices about going on weight loss medications.
- Contraindications: You should not take liraglutide or tirzepatide if you have a history of or increased risk of thyroid cancer. Weight loss medications may also interfere with hormonal birth control.
The Importance of Medical Supervision
Weight loss injections are available by prescription only, and it is crucial to have them administered or supervised by a healthcare professional. Medically-supervised weight loss helps you stick to your treatment plan and reach your weight loss goals.
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- Safe Administration: Having weight loss injections administered by a healthcare professional ensures that the correct dose is given safely each time.
- Monitoring and Support: A healthcare professional can monitor your progress, manage any side effects, and provide guidance and support throughout your weight loss journey.
- Personalized Treatment: Healthcare professionals can weigh all factors affecting your lifestyle and BMI and tailor a treatment plan to your specific needs.
Addressing Weight Regain
Most people regain weight if AOMs are discontinued. After weight reduction, the body metabolically adapts, often causing an increase in hunger hormones and a decrease in satiety hormones and resting metabolic rate, all of which can contribute to weight regain. AOMs may counter the effects of metabolic adaptation and prevent weight regain.
To minimize weight regain:
- Continue Lifestyle Changes: Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine even after achieving your weight loss goals.
- Work with a Healthcare Provider: Transition off the medication safely and develop a long-term weight management plan.
- Consider Long-Term Use: Some weight management medications are designed for long-term use to help maintain weight loss.
Risks of Counterfeit Medications
The FDA warns against buying medications from any source other than a state-licensed pharmacy. In April 2025, they banned the sale of “counterfeit” semaglutide and tirzepatide. These medications are not made or packaged by the original manufacturers but are compounded medications, which are not FDA-approved.
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