Weight management presents a considerable challenge for many South Africans. The increasing prevalence of obesity-related health issues has led to a surge in interest in GLP-1 medications, such as semaglutide. Originally intended for managing type 2 diabetes, medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro have gained popularity as weight loss aids due to their ability to regulate appetite and slow down digestion.
South Africans considering GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss often have questions about the speed at which these medications work, the expected results, and their accessibility within the country. This guide explores the timeline for weight loss, the factors that influence the effectiveness of these medications, and how to optimize their use as part of a sustainable lifestyle change.
How GLP-1 Agonists Work for Weight Loss
Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro contain semaglutide or tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists that mimic a natural hormone in the body responsible for regulating blood sugar and appetite. These medications enhance weight loss efforts by reducing cravings and improving portion control. By slowing gastric emptying and increasing the feeling of fullness, GLP-1 agonists help individuals consume fewer calories, leading to gradual and sustainable weight loss.
Unlike traditional weight loss methods, which rely on diet and exercise alone, GLP-1 agonists enhance weight loss efforts by reducing cravings and improving portion control. However, for optimal results, they should be combined with healthy eating habits and regular physical activity.
Weight Loss Injections Available
Weight loss injections target specific hormones and cell receptors that control appetite, metabolism, and fat storage. There are several types of FDA-approved weight loss injections available on the market. Each active ingredient is uniquely prepared and administered in various formulas changing their dose, potency, and administration frequency. Most weight loss shots work by targeting GLP-1 receptors in the body. The GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) hormone is released after eating. It stimulates insulin secretion and regulates blood glucose. GLP-1 receptor agonists imitate the effects of GLP-1.
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Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic)
Semaglutide is the active ingredient in both Ozempic, an injectable agent for diabetes, as well as Wegovy, an injectable for obesity treatment. Semaglutide (Wegovy) and Liraglutide (Saxenda) both work by mimicking GLP-1. A Wegovy injection is given once a week and the effects last for 165 hours after an injection.
Liraglutide (Saxenda)
Saxenda® (liraglutide) injection 3 mg is an injectable prescription medicine used for adults with obesity or overweight (excess weight) who also have weight related medical problems, and children aged 12-17 years with a body weight above 132 pounds (60kg) and obesity to help them lose weight and keep the weight off.
Tirzepatide (Zepbound, Mounjaro)
Tirzepatide (Zepbound) targets glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors and GLP-1 receptors[1]. GIP is another hormone released after eating and helps regulate blood sugar levels. By targeting both GLP-1 and GIP receptors, Tirzepatide may prove more effective than the other two weight loss injections. These injections are available as tablets, yet the injections are more effective.
How Quickly Can You Lose Weight on GLP-1 Agonists?
The timeline for weight loss with GLP-1 agonists varies from person to person. Clinical trials suggest that initial changes can be observed within the first four weeks. However, significant weight reduction typically takes several months. On average, the following results can be expected:
- First Month: A modest weight loss of 1-2 kg as the body adjusts.
- Three Months: A 5-6% reduction in total body weight.
- Six Months: Users may experience up to 10% weight loss, depending on lifestyle factors.
- One Year and Beyond: Some individuals report a 15% or greater reduction in body weight with continued use and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
It’s important to note that results depend on factors like diet, exercise, and individual metabolic responses. South Africans using GLP-1 medications should track their progress and consult with their healthcare providers for personalized guidance.
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Accessibility and Availability of GLP-1 Agonists in South Africa
GLP-1 medications are available in South Africa primarily through private healthcare providers and select pharmacies. Given its growing popularity for weight loss, demand for the medication has increased, occasionally leading to shortages. Individuals interested in starting GLP-1 medications should consult with their doctors to obtain a prescription and confirm availability at their preferred pharmacy.
Where to Find GLP-1 medications in South Africa:
- Private medical practices and endocrinologists
- Pharmacies such as Dis-Chem and Clicks
- Online pharmaceutical retailers with valid prescriptions
- Medical weight management programs
Due to its cost, GLP-1 medications may not always be covered by medical aids unless prescribed for diabetes treatment. Patients should check with their healthcare providers and insurance companies to understand their options.
Factors Influencing Weight Loss Speed
Weight loss with GLP-1 medications is not a one-size-fits-all process. Several factors impact how quickly South African users may see results:
- Dosage Adjustments: Starting at 0.25 mg per week and gradually increasing to 1.0 mg or higher enhances effectiveness.
- Dietary Habits: A balanced, nutrient-rich diet enhances weight loss and prevents nutrient deficiencies.
- Physical Activity: Regular exercise improves metabolism and supports long-term results.
- Metabolic Rate: Individual differences in metabolism affect how quickly weight loss occurs.
- Adherence to Treatment: Consistency with medication and lifestyle changes is key.
Managing Expectations and Overcoming Plateaus
South African users of GLP-1 medications should set realistic goals and understand that weight loss is a gradual process. Some may experience plateaus where progress slows. To overcome this, individuals can:
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- Increase physical activity levels
- Adjust calorie intake based on progress
- Monitor portion sizes and eating patterns
- Stay hydrated and ensure adequate sleep
- Consult with a healthcare provider for adjustments
Long-term success with GLP-1 agonists requires patience and commitment to sustainable lifestyle changes.
Common Side Effects and Safety Considerations
While GLP-1 medications is generally well-tolerated, some users may experience side effects, including:
- Nausea
- Stomach cramps
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
Most side effects subside as the body adjusts to the medication. However, individuals should seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.
In South Africa, healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of using GLP-1 agonists under medical supervision. It is not a quick-fix solution but rather a tool to support a healthier lifestyle.
Saxenda may lead to possible thyroid tumors, including cancer. Tell your health care professional if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or shortness of breath. These may be symptoms of thyroid cancer.
Stop taking Wegovy® and get medical help right away if you get a lump or swelling in your neck or an allergic reaction, serious side effects may happen, including pancreatitis.
Gallbladder or severe stomach problems may occur. Call your provider if you have symptoms such as stomach pain, fever, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or clay-colored stools.
In those with diabetes, taking Wegovy® with insulin or a sulfonylurea can increase the risk of low blood sugar. This can be a serious side effect.
Wegovy® may increase the chance of food or liquid getting into your lungs during surgery, or other procedures that use anesthesia or deep sleepiness.
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, stomach pain, headache, tiredness, upset stomach, dizziness, feeling bloated, belching, low blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes, gas, stomach flu, and heartburn. Some side effects may lead to dehydration, which may worsen kidney problems.
Long-Term Use and Maintaining Weight Loss
Stopping GLP-1 medications without maintaining lifestyle changes may result in weight regain. To sustain results, South African users should focus on:
- Continuing a healthy diet
- Engaging in regular exercise
- Practicing mindful eating
- Seeking ongoing support from healthcare professionals
By integrating these habits into daily life, individuals can achieve lasting success beyond medication use.
The Role of Tirzepatide in Weight Management
Tirzepatide, a groundbreaking medication primarily used for treating type 2 diabetes, is also gaining attention for its effectiveness in weight management. In South Africa, the interest in tirzepatide has grown as people seek options to improve their health.
Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist that helps manage blood sugar levels and supports weight loss by mimicking hormones involved in regulating glucose and appetite. For many in South Africa, the appeal of tirzepatide lies in its dual benefit of helping control diabetes while promoting significant weight loss.
Clinical trials have shown participants lost an average of 25% of their body fat in the first year of treatment with tirzepatide. This is when combined with lifestyle counselling from a health-care professional who encouraged a healthy and reduced-calorie diet (500 calories less per day compared to patient’s diet at the beginning of the study) and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week*. This compares with an average of 15% weight loss in the first year for semaglutide, also alongside a reduced-calorie diet (a 500 calorie-deficit per day) and increased physical exercise (150 minutes per week).
Like any medication, tirzepatide has side effects. The most common are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. These could feel like a mild tummy bug and are similar to those seen with semaglutide. There are also some rarer, more serious risks to consider. These include inflammation of the pancreas and gallbladder problems. There is also a potential increased risk for thyroid cancer, although this has only been seen in lab rats so far, not humans.
Purchasing Tirzepatide in South Africa
If you're considering buying tirzepatide 30mg in South Africa, the first step is to consult with a healthcare professional.
- Get a Valid Prescription: Tirzepatide cannot be bought without a prescription.
- Choose Reputable Sources: Only buy from registered pharmacies or through clinics that comply with South African healthcare regulations.
- Consider the Costs: Since tirzepatide is relatively new and potentially imported, the cost can be high, especially if it’s not covered by medical aid schemes.
- Be Aware of Side Effects: The most common include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. These tend to subside after the body adjusts to the treatment.
- Avoid Counterfeit Products: Be cautious when purchasing tirzepatide online, as counterfeit drugs pose a significant health risk.
While tirzepatide is promising, not everyone may have access to it in South Africa due to availability or cost. Buying tirzepatide 30mg in South Africa requires careful consideration of the availability, cost, and legal requirements surrounding prescription medications. It is essential to work with a healthcare professional to ensure you are using the medication safely and effectively. Understanding the potential side effects, alternative treatments, and how to avoid counterfeit drugs will help you make an informed decision.
The Future of Weight Loss Medications: Semaglutide Patent Expiry
Semaglutide will be under patent in many countries until the early 2030s. However, its patent will expire in several countries starting in 2026. This includes large countries such as India, Canada, China, Brazil and Turkey which make up 40% of the world’s population and an estimated 33% of the world’s population of adults living with obesity. Given India's significant role in the generic pharmaceutical market, this development is expected to be positively received by manufacturers, healthcare providers, and patients.
Semaglutide’s off-patent entry could also reshape treatment landscapes in adjacent cardio-metabolic areas like heart failure, stroke and kidney disease. Its utility as a “backbone” therapy, with a broad range of risk reduction and treatment benefits may erode the market potential of newer, indication-specific therapies, even in areas where semaglutide is not yet explicitly approved, but initial trial readouts show promising results.
In most countries, where weight-loss treatments are self-funded, a lower-cost off-patent semaglutide could dramatically increase patient access.