Apple cider vinegar (ACV) gummies and keto gummies have surged in popularity as dietary supplements, with manufacturers touting a range of health benefits, including weight loss, improved blood sugar regulation, enhanced energy levels, and boosted immune function. These claims have helped make ACV and keto gummies a profitable health supplement. However, a closer look at the available research reveals a more nuanced picture. It’s important to understand what these gummies contain, what the science says about their effectiveness, and what potential risks are involved.
What are ACV Gummies?
Apple cider vinegar gummies are dietary supplements that contain ACV concentrate along with other ingredients, such as vitamins and fruit extracts. Companies that produce ACV gummies claim that consuming these supplements can support your immune function, promote weight loss, and enhance your ability to regulate your blood sugar.
Do ACV Gummies Really Work?
While drinking ACV has been associated with several possible benefits, more research is needed to determine how ACV gummies may affect health.
Blood Sugar Regulation
Some studies suggest potential benefits of ACV for people who consume at least 1 ounce (30 ml) of organic liquid ACV. However, it's important to note that these studies involve liquid ACV, not ACV gummies. The studied ACV doses ranged from 0.5 to 26 ounces (15-770 mL) per day. This is not comparable to taking common ACV gummy supplements containing 500 milligrams (mg) of ACV powder per gummy.
Interestingly, a small, randomized control study published in 2020 found that vinegar supplements do not have the same effect on blood sugar as liquid vinegar. The study showed that the liquid vinegar resulted in a 31% greater reduction in post-meal blood sugar compared with the control and whole vinegar tablets. Liquid vinegar also proved more effective than the vinegar tablets dissolved in water.
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All this suggests that ACV supplements don’t have the same effect on blood sugar as drinking ACV. Also, keep in mind that ACV gummies may often contain added sugar - which can impact your blood sugar levels. There are no current studies investigating the effects of ACV gummies on blood sugar.
Weight Loss
A 2018 study suggests potential weight loss benefits for people who consume at least 1 ounce (30 ml) of organic liquid ACV - not ACV gummies. A 2020 review of 13 human and 12 animal studies concluded that there was not enough credible evidence to determine whether ACV has any beneficial effects on weight loss. More comprehensive research is needed before suggesting that ACV gummies offer any help in weight management.
Other Health Claims
Claims that ACV gummies help your body detox or boost your immunity remain unfounded. Many ACV gummies advertise that added fruit extracts provide significant antioxidant effects. However, most ACV gummies contain trace amounts of these ingredients - likely too low to offer you any health benefits. Some studies show that taking beetroot and pomegranate juices - ingredients in many ACV gummies - can help reduce markers of inflammation. However, to see any anti-inflammatory benefits, you would need to consume far more than the 40 microgram (mcg) dose provided by many ACV gummies.
For example, a 2020 review found that pomegranate supplements may be effective in reducing inflammatory markers like interleukin-6 (IL-6). Yet, the lowest dose used in the studies included in the review was 500 mg.
Any supposed health benefits of ACV gummies may come from the added vitamins and minerals in the supplement. For example, if you’re low in vitamin B12 and consume B12 in the form of ACV gummies, this may help increase your body’s B12 levels. However, even though you need B12 and other B vitamins to stay energized and combat fatigue, you might be disappointed to discover that ACV gummies may not boost your energy as advertised.
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You’ll get similar or better results from taking a B complex vitamin every day. The same can be applied to the other vitamins and minerals that have been added to ACV gummies.
The scant vitamin and mineral contents in ACV gummies may contain the right compounds to support your health, but they contain a fraction of the necessary servings for you to see any obvious health benefits. Claims that these supplements offer support with your blood sugar levels, weight loss goals, inflammation, detoxification, and energy levels remain unfounded. Although there’s some evidence that drinking ACV may help reduce blood lipid levels and blood sugar levels in some people, these findings can’t be applied to ACV supplements or gummies.
What are Keto Gummies?
The ketogenic diet, also known as the keto diet, is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet intended to shift the body into a metabolic state called ketosis. Keto gummies are supplements marketed to help support a ketogenic diet and help with weight loss, energy and metabolism, among other things. But what’s actually in them-and do they work? Dietary supplements are not approved for safety or efficacy by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and ingredients and their amounts may vary.
In general, the body uses carbohydrates for fuel, but when there aren’t sufficient amounts of carbohydrates, the body enters what’s known as “nutritional ketosis” and starts to break down fat for energy instead. “It typically takes a few days of strict carbohydrate restriction to enter this state,” explains Katie Schwartz, a registered dietitian based in Asheville, North Carolina. But once the body enters a state of ketosis, it begins producing ketones, which are then used for fuel.
Keto gummies are supplements that resemble ordinary chewable vitamins but offer a different purported health benefit. “They’re marketed as a way to help boost ketone levels in the blood,” says Schwartz. Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil may provide a quick source of energy, explains Rancourt. Exogenous ketones are produced outside of the body and consumed orally (as opposed to endogenous ketones that are produced inside the body). Exogenous ketones include ketone salts and ketone esters, which have different chemical structures and potencies, with esters considered more potent.
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Do Keto Gummies Really Work?
Research is sparse when it comes to determining whether keto gummies and supplements support losing weight. “There’s no credible evidence that keto gummies can reliably initiate or maintain ketosis,” says Schwartz. Noom's 5-minute quiz unlocks a weight loss program customized for you so you can manage your health and form habits that last. “These products are not evidence-based and often rely on misleading marketing,” says Schwartz. It’s important to note that being in ketosis, however, is generally considered safe.
Ingredients Found in Keto Gummies
Most keto gummies typically contain medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), a type of saturated fat that help give your body energy, in addition to exogenous ketones. “Sometimes, keto gummies may contain gelatin or natural sweeteners like Stevia,” notes Czerwony. “It’s not like eating a traditional gummy. It’s not going to have any additional sugars because if it did, then it would throw you out of ketosis.”
So, what should you look for in a keto gummy? “There are a lot of options available and they all seem comparable,” says Czerwony. “I would suggest opting for something that fits in your budget and buy a small batch at first to make sure you like it.”
Potential Benefits of Keto Gummies
Do keto gummies work? There’s limited research on the benefits of keto gummies. “There aren’t any studies that have shown the long-term effects of keto gummies and if they’re beneficial,” states Czerwony. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Czerwony says potential benefits include:
- Increase weight loss.
- Improve athletic performance.
- Decrease your appetite.
But, again, whether keto gummies or other keto supplements can actually keep you in ketosis has been inconclusive, according to research. In fact, one study explains that supplements may increase the amount of ketones too much. Ideally, your body wants to maintain an even level of ketones. And when this happens, your liver may not produce as many ketones naturally, making it harder to stay in ketosis.
Potential Risks of Keto Gummies
Before you decide to try keto gummies, it’s also worth understanding the potential risks.
Czerwony says those potential risks include:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Gastrointestinal issues, like diarrhea.
- Low blood sugar.
“You run the risk of GI issues if your keto gummies use sorbitol, which is known as a laxative,” warns Czerwony. “You should be cautious if you’re going try it. Slowly introduce keto gummies to see how you do because you don’t want to all sudden just kind of overdo it and have those side effects and not be very happy.”
And while some people with Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney issues may opt to go on the keto diet, Czerwony cautions against adding keto gummies to the mix. “The keto diet - and the addition of a keto supplement like gummies - can potentially lower your blood sugar, leading to hypoglycemic responses,” she says. “And it can dehydrate you as well.”
People with underlying health conditions like kidney disease or diabetes, people who are pregnant or nursing, children, or anyone on medications affecting blood sugar shouldn’t use keto gummies, notes Rancourt.
Should You Try Keto Gummies?
Before you hop on the keto gummy bandwagon, Czerwony suggests looking at your diet first if you’re struggling to stay in ketosis. “What is the reason that your body isn’t staying in ketosis? Are you overdoing it on carbohydrates? Is it because you’re getting bored? Is it because you’re still hungry?”
Consider making the necessary tweaks to your keto diet so you’re getting enough calories or fiber. Doing so can be a healthier option instead of turning to keto gummies. “But if you’re following the keto diet, everything seems to be running fine and you want to see a boost to your weight loss, then I think you could certainly try keto gummies,” says Czerwony.