Pugs, with their big, soulful eyes and mischievous personalities, win hearts instantly. However, behind their playful charm, they have very specific dietary needs. Understanding their unique anatomy, temperament, and potential health issues is crucial to providing them with the nutrition they need to thrive. This guide will provide you with information on what to feed your pug at different life stages.
Understanding the Pug's Unique Needs
Pugs have specific needs when it comes to food and feeding. Their brachycephalic (short-nosed) faces, uneven dentition, love for eating, and low exercise tolerance mean that nutrition plays a critical role in keeping them healthy.
Nutritional Foundations for Pugs
Pugs require a balanced diet that includes proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Their diet should be tailored to their specific needs as a small breed with a moderate activity level.
Proteins
Protein is a crucial component of a pug’s diet. It should come from high-quality sources like chicken, turkey, lamb, and fish. These proteins support muscle health and overall body maintenance. Chicken is one of the most digestible and widely available protein sources, offering a complete amino acid profile. It's naturally lean, which is important for Pugs since they are prone to weight gain. Turkey is a lean, easily digestible protein that provides complete amino acids and B vitamins, especially B6 for energy metabolism. Lamb can be a good choice for Pugs with food sensitivities, as it is less likely to trigger reactions than chicken or beef. Salmon is a digestible protein and an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), supporting joint flexibility, heart health, and skin and coat condition. Whole eggs are also among the most complete protein sources, offering all essential amino acids along with fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E) and selenium.
Fats
Fats, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are essential in a pug’s diet. They contribute to a shiny coat and healthy skin. Sources like fish oil and flaxseed can be beneficial.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates provide pugs with energy and should be sourced from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. These foods also provide essential fiber, promoting good digestive health.
Vitamins and Minerals
A balanced diet for pugs must include essential vitamins and minerals. These support various body functions, including bone health, immune system strength, and metabolic processes.
Water
Pugs need constant access to fresh, clean water.
Feeding Your Pug by Age
The nutritional needs of a Pug change throughout life. From the energetic puppy stage to adulthood and into the slower senior years, diet plays a key role in keeping this small but sturdy breed healthy, lean, and comfortable.
Pug Puppy (0 to 12 Months)
When your Pug is still a puppy (0 to 12 months old), they are full of curiosity and bursts of energy. Pug puppies need diets that are rich in protein and healthy fats. Protein builds strong muscles, while fat fuels their rapid growth and gives them energy for play. Because brain and eye development are still happening, nutrients like DHA and EPA are particularly important. Adding omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids early in their diet helps strengthen the skin barrier and may reduce the risk of dermatitis later on.
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Breed-specific puppy kibbles are ideal because they are designed with the short noses of brachycephalic dogs in mind. The pieces are usually small, flat, or puffed, which makes them easier for puppies to pick up and chew despite their crowded teeth. Wet food can also be introduced for extra hydration and to soften meals, especially if chewing is a struggle.
Instead of one or two large meals, it’s better to divide their food into three or four small meals a day. This prevents their little stomachs from being overloaded and keeps their energy steady. Portion control is critical right from the beginning because Pugs love food and rarely stop when they are full. Feeding them in puzzle bowls or slow feeders can prevent gulping, which in turn reduces the risk of choking or regurgitation. Pug puppies should be fed 3 times a day, in the morning, midday, and in the evening. In addition to this, several healthy snacks should be given in between meals.
Adolescent Pug
Once your Pug transitions out of puppyhood, their growth begins to stabilize. They are no longer rapidly developing, but their bodies are still filling out. During adolescence, energy requirements start to taper off compared to the puppy stage. Protein continues to be necessary for maintaining muscle tone, but calorie intake needs to be watched closely. Pugs at this age often put on weight very quickly if portions are not measured carefully. Their skin can also become more sensitive as hormones are active, so omega fatty acids, vitamin E, and zinc remain vital in the diet.
A transition formula that bridges the gap between puppy and adult food works well. These usually provide moderate fat levels and balanced energy density. A combination of dry kibble and wet food can help - the dry component maintains dental health while the wet component improves palatability and hydration. Healthy snacks are also useful at this age, especially for training, but they must be low in calories.
Adult Pug (1 to 7 Years)
By this age, Pugs should be moved to two meals a day. Since their exercise tolerance is naturally low, their calorie intake should match their activity levels to avoid unwanted weight gain. Feeding practices should also take into account their dental challenges.
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Weight management becomes the number one priority. Even a couple of extra kilograms can worsen their breathing and put stress on their joints. Diets should focus on lean protein, moderate fat, and controlled calories. Skin and allergy care are equally important at this stage. Many adult Pugs develop itchy skin or dermatitis, so foods enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and digestible proteins help reduce flare-ups. Digestive comfort should not be overlooked either - fiber and prebiotics can ease flatulence and keep stools regular.
Adult small-breed formulas are usually the best choice, as they are designed for calorie balance and easy chewing. Wet food can be given in moderation to boost hydration and flavor, but it should be paired with regular dental care to prevent plaque buildup. Two meals a day remain the norm for adult Pugs. Using slow-feeder bowls continues to be helpful in preventing rapid gulping. Portion control is essential, and weight should be monitored regularly since even small fluctuations can have a big impact on their health. Because Pugs struggle with cooling themselves through panting, hydration becomes even more important, especially in warmer months. Adolescents and adult Pugs can be fed 3 meals per day, many do well with this. This can help avoid issues with stomach bile being thrown up (it will look like a white or yellowish foam) due to an empty stomach and issues with eating too fast when a meal arrives. However, if you find that your Pug does not have much enthusiasm for a midday meal, you can switch to 2 meals per day. It is the consumption of a meal that often triggers a bowel movement of the remains of a previous meal. So, if you find that your Pug's bowel movements are not in sync with when you can take them outside for bathroom needs, you can adjust meal times earlier or later by at least an hour or so.
Senior Pug (7 Years and Older)
By the time a Pug reaches their senior years, their pace of life naturally slows down. Senior Pugs require fewer calories because of their reduced activity levels. Overfeeding at this stage can quickly lead to obesity, which in turn worsens breathing problems and strains aging joints.
Joint health now becomes a central focus, with supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids helping to keep them mobile. Digestion often becomes weaker in older age, so diets higher in fiber and made with highly digestible proteins work best. Their immune systems also need extra support, which is where antioxidants like vitamins C and E play an important role.
Senior-specific dog foods are ideal because they are lower in calories but enriched with joint and immune-support nutrients. Moist or softened kibble is often easier for older Pugs to manage, especially if chewing has become painful. Two small meals a day are still recommended, but the portions should be lighter to ease digestion. Kibble can be softened with warm water or broth if chewing is difficult. Seniors also do well with predictable meal routines, as consistency reduces anxiety and helps them feel secure.
Types of Food
Kibble
Kibble is the most common and practical option for feeding a Pug. When made with high-quality ingredients, it provides a complete balance of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It’s easy to store, simple to portion, and can be selected to match a Pug’s age, weight, and lifestyle. For adult Pugs, look for kibble containing around 20-24% protein and 8-12% fat (dry matter), with added omega-3s (EPA/DHA) to support skin health, joint comfort, and overall vitality.
Homemade Diet (Cooked)
A cooked homemade diet for Pugs is typically made with lean meats, well-cooked vegetables, digestible starches, and essential supplements. This feeding style allows full control over ingredient quality and can be adapted to specific Pug needs, such as weight management, food sensitivities, or skin support. However, precise formulation is crucial-imbalances in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamins can lead to serious health issues over time. Some of the ingredients that you can use to create meals includes:Proteins - This includes white chicken meat or turkey (de-boned, no skin, baked or broiled), lean beef, fish (mackerel, whitefish, salmon, herring, walleye, flounder), lamb, bison, gizzards (liver, beef, or chicken), and/or pork (should not be the main protein source, but can be blended into meals). Other sources include beans such as lima beans, kidney beans, and butter beans (must be cooked).Vegetables - This includes peas, carrots, spinach, zucchini, green beans, bell peppers, and butternut squash. You can also offer asparagus, kale, cauliflower, and broccoli (in moderation since these foods can cause gas,). Pumpkin in moderation is fine but typically reserved to help ease upset stomach issues.Fruits - This includes blueberries, raspberries (both are low calorie, high in antioxidants, and water-packed), strawberries, huckleberries, banana, cantaloupe, honeydew melon, mango, kiwi, pear, peaches (no pit), plums (no pit), nectarines (no pit), fresh pineapple, and apple (no core, no seeds).Additional - This includes oatmeal (plain), white or brown rice (if no intolerance), quinoa, potato, sweet potato, cottage cheese, plain whole white yogurt, and eggs (most dogs do best with scrambled eggs vs. boiled eggs).
BARF Diet (Raw Feeding)
The BARF diet (Biologically Appropriate Raw Food) is based on raw meat, meaty bones, organs, vegetables, and supplements, aiming to replicate the ancestral canine diet. It is often praised for digestibility, natural nutrient content, and potential dental benefits from chewing raw bones. However, it carries significant risks: strict hygiene is required, nutritional imbalances can be harmful, and it is not recommended for Pug puppies, seniors, or dogs with weakened immune systems. A raw, species-appropriate diet includes muscle meat, organ meat, bone, raw fats, and a small amount of vegetables or berries.
Insect Protein
Insect proteins, like black soldier fly larvae and mealworms, are another promising option-they are highly digestible, provide a complete amino acid profile, and are gentle on sensitive Pug stomachs.
Foods Pugs Can and Can't Eat
It is important to know what foods are safe and unsafe for your pug. While some human foods are safe in moderation, others can be toxic.
Foods Pugs Should Definitely Not Eat
The foods in the NOPE category are just that, big no no's. These foods are poison to your pug's digestive system. If they happen to eat anything on this list, particularly the items on the infographic marked with a yellow warning symbol, immediate veterinary action should be taken. Avoid them at all costs because the vet bill could be great, and the outcome for your pug, not so great.
Foods Pugs Can Eat
A lot of foods are more-or-less safe for your pug in moderation.
Addressing Common Health Issues Through Diet
Pugs are prone to health issues like obesity, joint problems, and respiratory issues. A diet that supports joint health and maintains a healthy weight can be beneficial.
Obesity
Pugs have a tendency to gain weight quickly, making obesity a primary health concern. Excess weight can lead to joint problems, respiratory issues, and a higher risk of diabetes. A diet controlled in calories, coupled with regular exercise, is essential.
Joint Problems
Pugs are susceptible to joint issues like hip dysplasia and patellar luxation. A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties can help. Supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin can also be beneficial.
Respiratory Issues
Due to their short noses, pugs often struggle with brachycephalic syndrome, which affects their breathing. A diet that’s easy to chew and swallow can help reduce the risk of respiratory distress during meals.
Skin Allergies
Pugs are prone to skin allergies, which can cause discomfort and irritation. A hypoallergenic diet, or one with limited ingredients, can help identify and avoid allergens.
Eye Conditions
Pugs are at risk for several eye conditions, including dry eye and corneal ulcers. Antioxidant-rich foods like blueberries, carrots, and leafy greens can support eye health.
Dental Issues
Dental issues are common in pugs due to their tiny mouths. Feeding dry kibble can help reduce plaque and tartar build-up.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Pugs can suffer from gastrointestinal issues, including bloating and constipation. A diet with the right balance of fiber can promote digestive health.
Diabetes
Pugs are at a higher risk for diabetes, especially if they are overweight. A diet low in carbohydrates and high in fiber can help manage blood sugar levels.
Heart Health
While heart problems are not as common in pugs as in other breeds, maintaining heart health is essential. Diets low in sodium and rich in omega-3 fatty acids can support heart health.
Reading Dog Food Labels
Choosing the right dog food can be overwhelming, but understanding the ingredients list can help you make an informed decision. Look for high-quality ingredients and avoid artificial additives. What to Avoid:Quite a few ingredients that are found in a lot of dog food brands can be severely detrimental to a Pug and cause everything from allergic reactions (itching, rashes, wheezing, running eyes, etc.) to serious health issues linked to long-term consumption including cancer. Synthetic preservatives including BHA, BHT, and TBHQArtificial coloring dyes including Blue #2, Red #40, and Yellow #5 and #6Artificial flavoring including MSGSoy which can be listed as soy, soybeans, and soy meal. Corn which includes as corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, and corn branHigh grain counts which includes high levels of wheat, oats, barley, and other cereal grains which may be listed as hominy feed. Rice can be an exception; with rice, the hull, bran layer, and cereal germ is removed and for this reason, rice is often tolerated very well. By-products which are animal body parts deemed unfit for human consumption and can include brain, lungs, undeveloped eggs, and more.Generic meats or oils which can legally include roadkill and deceased zoo animals.What to Look For:All-natural preservatives; there are vitamin blends that work very well to preserve dog food and this often will show as mixed tocopherols.Natural flavoring Protein will come from wholesome animal sources including chicken, turkey, lamb, fish, bison, and beef. There will be no by-products or generic meats.If you offer grains, gluten-free grains are usually best. No other fillers or controversial additives. Helpful extras such as glucosamine and chondroitin (beneficial for joint health), omega-3, 6 (for healthy skin and coat), probiotics (for immune health) and antioxidants (to help prevent disease). Protein in the mid to high 30% range, carbs between 30 and 40%, healthy fats 15 to 20%, and fiber at 4 to 7%. Made in North America (includes USA and Canada)
Signs of a Balanced Diet
- Solid Frame and Stable Weight: A healthy Pug maintains a compact but not overweight build. You should be able to feel the ribs under a thin layer of fat, and a slight waistline should be visible when viewed from above.
- Healthy Skin and Coat: A smooth, glossy coat with minimal shedding and skin free from irritation or redness indicates balanced nutrition.
- Steady Energy and Comfortable Breathing: A well-fed Pug shows consistent energy levels-playful and alert during activity, but calm and relaxed at rest.
- Smooth Digestion and Normal Stools: Regular, well-formed stools with minimal odor are signs that a Pug’s diet is balanced and digestible.
- Steady Appetite and Calm Eating Behavior: A Pug on a proper diet eats with good consistency-finishing meals without excessive fussing or constant begging.
Addressing Dietary Changes
Changing a Pug’s diet should be done gradually over about a week. A proper diet is crucial in preventing obesity, maintaining joint health, supporting digestive health, and ensuring a healthy coat and skin in Pugs. If you just got a new Pug puppy, you may want to feed your little guy or gal something different than what was being given. And in many instances, this will be a good idea. The sooner you start your pup on a superior food that you've chosen yourself, the better.If you have an adult Pug, you may decide to switch foods due to an intolerance to certain ingredients (some dogs do best with certain proteins like beef as opposed to chicken or vice-versa) or maybe you realized that your Pug was not on the brand and you want to make a change.No matter the circumstances, if at all possible, it is best to change to a new brand of dog food in a gradual way because a quick switch can disrupt the digestive system. The goal should be a incremental change over the course of 3 weeks. Week one is 3/4 old to 1/4 new (mixed well), week two is 1/2 and 1/2, week three is 1/4 old to 3/4 new, and this finally brings you to week four when your Pug can be fully on the new kibble.