Peacock eels, scientifically known as Macrognathus siamensis, are captivating freshwater fish that often find themselves shrouded in mystery and misunderstanding within the aquarist community. Despite being referred to as eels, they are technically not true eels. These tropical fish, originating from the near-stagnant waters of Southeast Asia, possess elongated bodies reminiscent of eels, making them a unique and sought-after addition to home aquariums. This comprehensive guide aims to shed light on various aspects of peacock eel care, including their diet, habitat requirements, compatibility with tank mates, and overall behavior.
Understanding the Peacock Eel
The peacock eel boasts a slender, elongated body with a distinctive pointed snout. Unlike true eels, they possess separated dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Notably, the dorsal fin features sharp spines that, while difficult to spot, can inflict considerable damage if handled carelessly. Their coloration typically ranges from tan to yellowish-green, accentuated by a vibrant yellow line running laterally from the snout to the caudal fin. Towards the rear, you'll find three to six distinctive eyespots, characterized by their dark black hue and a surrounding perimeter of yellow or white.
Lifespan and Size
Peacock eels represent a long-term commitment for aquarists. With proper care, including pristine water conditions and a high-quality diet, they can live closer to the upper end of their life expectancy range. While genetics and luck also play a role, these fish can grow quite large compared to conventional tropical species, reaching up to 10 inches in length. However, it's worth noting that they will only attain their full size if housed in a sufficiently large aquarium.
Tank Size and Habitat Setup
Contrary to the misconception that peacock eel care is challenging, it is relatively straightforward with the right knowledge and preparation. A minimum tank size of 40 gallons is generally recommended, although some aquarists have reported success in aquariums as small as 20 gallons. A larger tank offers ample space for the eel to roam, promoting enrichment and overall well-being.
Replicating the peacock eel's natural habitat is crucial for their health and happiness. As tropical freshwater fish from Southeast Asia, they thrive in slow-moving rivers abundant with vegetation and animal life. To create an optimal environment, a thick layer of sand substrate is essential, as peacock eels are burrowers that enjoy concealing most of their body within the riverbed.
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In addition to the substrate, incorporating numerous hiding spots throughout the tank is highly recommended. Decorative objects that the fish can slither into, along with live plants, provide a sense of security and mimic their natural surroundings. However, it's essential to monitor the plants, as peacock eels may uproot them. If this occurs, replant the vegetation in an area less frequented by the eel. To maintain a calm environment, adjust the filter outputs to minimize water flow. Finally, secure the tank with a tight-fitting lid, as peacock eels are notorious escape artists due to their slender bodies, which allow them to squeeze through tight spaces.
To monitor these water parameters you should invest in a reliable water test kit for your aquarium.
Water Parameters
Maintaining optimal water parameters is paramount for the health and well-being of peacock eels. Regular monitoring and adjustments are necessary to replicate their natural environment and prevent health issues. The following parameters are generally recommended:
- Temperature: 75°F to 86°F (24°C to 30°C)
- pH: 6.0 to 7.5
- Water Hardness: 5 to 15 dGH
Feeding
Peacock eels can be somewhat selective eaters. In their natural habitat, they are nocturnal hunters, emerging at night to seek out high-protein meals. In captivity, their diet should consist of a variety of foods, including insect larvae, bloodworms, nightcrawlers, and brine shrimp.
Targeted feeding is often the preferred method among aquarists. Using a pipette or syringe to deliver food directly to the fish ensures that they receive adequate nutrition. It may take some experimentation to determine the appropriate feeding schedule for your peacock eel.
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An aquarist recounted feeding a 6" peacock eel an entire cube of frozen bloodworms every night for 4 nights. Bloodworms don't have a lot of nuitrience in them.
Common Diseases and Prevention
Peacock eels are neither more nor less prone to diseases than other tropical freshwater fish. However, certain conditions are more prevalent and warrant vigilance. White spot disease, also known as Ich, is a common parasitic infection that can rapidly spread throughout a community tank. While potentially fatal if left untreated, it is highly treatable with early detection and appropriate medication. Fungal infections are also relatively common, manifesting as wool-like growths on the fish's skin, mouth, or gills.
Regularly monitoring water conditions and performing partial water changes every two to four weeks are essential for preventing disease outbreaks. Maintaining optimal water parameters and providing a balanced diet will also bolster the eel's immune system and reduce their susceptibility to illness.
Behavior and Tank Mates
Contrary to popular belief, peacock eels are generally docile creatures. They tend to spend their days concealed within their hiding spots or burrowed beneath the substrate. While burrowing is a normal and healthy behavior, it should not be constant. If a peacock eel spends an excessive amount of time buried, it may indicate stress or an underlying health issue.
Peacock eels are known to be fantastic community fish! They are often easy-going and like to stick to themselves. Due to their size, it’s best to avoid small fish. Despite their gentle nature, peacock eels will treat small animals as food. Common community fish like Neon Tetras are out of the question.
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Due to their size, it's best to avoid housing them with very small fish, as they may be seen as prey. However, they generally coexist peacefully with larger, non-aggressive species.
Breeding
Breeding peacock eels in captivity is a challenging endeavor. In the wild, these fish typically spawn during the rainy season when their environment floods. Females deposit sticky eggs onto floating plants. Some breeders hypothesize that simulating these flooding conditions by providing a continuous supply of fresh water to a closed environment could potentially trigger spawning. However, replicating these specific conditions in an aquarium setting is exceedingly difficult.