Evaluating the Effectiveness of the OPTIFAST Weight Loss Program

Obesity is a growing public health concern, with projections estimating that over half of Americans could be affected by 2030 if current trends continue. Losing weight and maintaining that loss can be challenging. The OPTIFAST Program is a medically monitored weight loss program that combines meal replacement with behavioral counseling and personalized support.

Overview of the OPTIFAST Program

The OPTIFAST Program is a medical weight loss program designed to help overweight and obese patients lose weight safely without surgical intervention. It is a supervised 18-week program that starts with a liquid-only diet, gradually introducing solid foods as the patient progresses. The program treats the whole person, not just their weight, and includes medical supervision, lifestyle education, counseling, and ongoing personalized support.

The OPTIFAST Program utilizes a meal replacement plan that transitions to self-prepared ‘everyday’ meals, in conjunction with comprehensive patient education and support to help people lose weight, which can in turn reduce weight-related health risks. Clinical supervision is a key component of the program.

Program Components

The OPTIFAST program consists of several key components:

  1. Meal Replacement Diet: Narrowing food choices helps control the amount and types of food consumed, leading to rapid positive change. Participants improve their health, learn new eating habits, and engage in activities to manage their weight long term.
  2. Medical Supervision: Medical professionals provide expertise to ensure safe weight loss. Clinical studies suggest that medically monitored programs are effective in helping individuals modify behaviors for long-term weight management.
  3. Lifestyle Education: Participants achieve and sustain better health through nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle changes.
  4. Counseling: Individual and group counseling sessions are led by experts who understand the challenges of weight loss.
  5. Ongoing Personalized Support: Support is provided both during and after weight loss to help participants achieve and maintain success.

Phases of the OPTIFAST Program

The OPTIFAST Weight Loss Program involves three phases:

Read also: Comprehensive OPTIFAST Overview

  1. Active Weight Loss Phase: This 16-week phase involves using an OPTIFAST Weight Loss program partial meal replacement diet and receiving monthly medical monitoring. Participants are also encouraged to attend monthly group sessions under the care of a behaviorist, registered dietitian, and/or exercise specialist.
  2. Transition Phase: During this phase, participants transition to regular foods, continue to participate in group sessions, and meet with a dietitian each visit.
  3. Long-Term Weight Management Phase: This ongoing phase can include partial OPTIFAST Weight Loss program meal replacement and partial regular food, as well as ongoing support.

OPTIWIN Study: Comparing OPTIFAST with a Food-Based Diet

Nestlé Health Science announced the publication of positive results from the OPTIWIN study in Obesity, the official peer-reviewed journal of The Obesity Society. This study compared the effectiveness of the OPTIFAST Program (OP) with a behavioral intervention using a food-based diet (FB).

Study Design

Participants with a BMI of 30 to 55 kg/m2, aged 18 to 70 years old, were randomized to either the OP or FB group for 26 weeks, followed by a weight-maintenance phase. The primary endpoints were weight loss at 26 and 52 weeks, expressed as a percentage of baseline weight lost. Additionally, the proportion of participants who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥15%) was assessed.

In the OPTIWIN study, participants were randomized to either the OPTIFAST Program (OP) or a behavioral intervention using a food-based diet (FB). For the first 12-16 weeks of the study, the OP group followed a TMR diet, consuming ≥800 kcal/day as portion-controlled, nutritionally complete meal replacements (shakes, bars and soups). TMR was followed by a gradual reintroduction of food through week 26, then a 6-month weight maintenance phase. Participants in the FB group received a comprehensive diet and lifestyle intervention that included a reduced-calorie (-500 to -750 kcal/day), food-based diet from weeks 1-26. Caloric intake was adjusted to achieve weight maintenance from weeks 27-52. In addition to the respective dietary interventions, both groups in the OPTIWIN study were medically monitored, participated in individual and group behavioral counselling sessions, and received individualized prescriptions for physical activity with a graduated target of 150-180 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous exercise.

Key Findings

The OPTIWIN study demonstrated that the OPTIFAST Program can help with significant and sustained weight loss, even among those who have tried and failed to lose weight in the past.

  1. Significant Weight Loss: At 26 weeks, the OP group experienced a 12.4% ± 0.6% weight loss, compared to 6.0% ± 0.6% in the FB group (P < 0.001). At 52 weeks, the OP group maintained a 10.5% ± 0.6% weight loss, while the FB group had a 5.5% ± 0.6% weight loss (P < 0.001).
  2. Greater Fat Mass Loss: Fat mass loss was greater for the OP group, while lean mass loss was proportional to total weight loss in both groups.
  3. Higher Achievement of Clinically Meaningful Weight Loss: The proportion of participants who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥15%) was significantly higher in the OP group. At week 52, higher proportions of OP participants achieved 5% (63.7%) and 10% weight loss (43.7%) compared with FB (42% and 21.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). The percentage of people who lost 15% or more of their initial weight was more than double in OP than FB (30% vs. 12%; P < 0.001).
  4. Reduced waist circumference: Changes in waist circumference paralleled weight loss in both treatment groups; however, there were greater reductions for the OP group compared with FB at both 26 and 52 weeks.
  5. Non-Responders: At week 26, 15.6% of OP and 39.1% of FB participants were nonresponders.

Adverse Events and Discontinuation Rates

While 84.5% of the OP group and 68% of the FB group reported at least one adverse event during the year-long trial, there was no significant difference in discontinuation rates between the groups (29.3% OP; 31.9% FB). The most commonly reported adverse events in the OP group were constipation (18.7%), headache (17.4%), dizziness (16.8%), nasopharyngitis (11.6%), and nausea (11.6%).

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Who is a candidate for OPTIFAST® weight loss program?

OPTIFAST® weight loss program is designed for patients who:

  • Have a BMI of 30 or more or struggle with a BMI of 27 or more and have another condition such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol or sleep apnea
  • Want support overcoming emotional barriers to weight loss
  • Appreciate the supervision of a physician, along with a comprehensive health care team

Benefits of OPTIFAST® weight loss program

Patients often lose weight quickly in the OPTIFAST® weight loss program. Follow-up studies at five years showed over 45 percent of patients kept enough weight off to improve their health long term. After two years, 40 percent of patients maintained more than half their weight loss; 78 percent of men and 60 percent of women maintained medically significant weight loss.

Considerations and Potential Drawbacks

Weight Regain

Patients often gain weight back after the program has been completed. Early in the program, patients are monitored closely to ensure they are following the program. Once patients have completed the program, it is harder for them to maintain the healthy habits. Many obese patients have a hard time following this program because the lifestyle changes are made so quickly and are so drastic it is hard for the patient to be compliant. The OPTIFAST® Weight Loss program experts recognize that a key to successful weight management is periodic or continuous involvement in a weight management program.

Adverse Events

Mild or moderate AEs were reported by 76.8% of OP and 62.7% of FB participants. Serious AEs were reported by 4.5% (7/155) of OP and 3.3% (5/150) of FB participants.

OPTIFAST as a Total Meal Replacement Strategy

Weight loss requires an energy deficit, usually achieved by reducing the volume of food consumed through modifying portions, reducing certain macronutrients (e.g., lower fat or lower carbohydrate intake), or eliminating various food groups. Meal replacements (MR), typically formulated as prepackaged shakes or bars, are another option for reducing energy intake. Total meal replacement (TMR), or the use of MR as the sole source of daily nutrition, has been studied as one option to enhance behavioral weight loss.

Read also: Beef jerky: A high-protein option for shedding pounds?

The OPTIFAST program (OP) is one example of a TMR weight‐loss intervention. Originally developed in the 1970s as a VLCD providing 420 kcal/d, the program has evolved to include comprehensive behavioral intervention and a higher calorie intake.

Keys to success with OPTIFAST® weight loss program

Weight management is an ongoing process that requires intermittent behavioral, nutrition and exercise intervention. It is important to know that relapse is not unusual. Unlike fad diets, the OPTIFAST program has been proven effective in more than 80 clinical studies and by more than 1 million people who have participated in the program since 1974.

OPTIFAST succeeds because it treats the whole you - not just your weight. Five-year follow-up studies show that over 50% of people who complete the OPTIFAST Program keep enough weight off to improve their health long term. What’s the secret? The well-documented weight loss success of the OPTIFAST Program is based on the use of meal replacements during the active weight loss phase of the program.

The benefits include:

  • High-quality, complete nutrition
  • Pre-portioned and calorie-controlled servings
  • Quick and simple preparation
  • Freedom from having to make food choices

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