The Master Cleanse, also known as the Lemonade Diet, has been around since the 1940s and remains a popular, albeit controversial, approach to detoxification and weight loss. It's a short-term, strict liquid diet designed to encourage the body’s natural detoxification processes. This article delves into the recipe, potential benefits, risks, and overall effectiveness of the Master Cleanse.
What is the Master Cleanse?
The Master Cleanse is a modified juice fast, a strict, short-term fasting regimen designed to encourage the body’s natural detoxification processes. Stanley Burroughs, an alternative medicine practitioner, developed it in 1941, originally to treat ulcers. It involves abstaining from solid foods and replacing them with a specific homemade liquid formula. The protocol typically lasts for about 7-10 days, but some sources recommend up to 40 days, during which all meals are replaced with the cleansing drink. The idea is to rest the digestive system, providing it with an opportunity to eliminate toxins and rejuvenate bodily functions.
The Original Master Cleanse Recipe
The classic Master Cleanse recipe involves a mixture of lemon juice, maple syrup, cayenne pepper, and water.
Here’s how to prepare a single serving:
- 2 tablespoons (30 grams) of fresh-squeezed lemon juice (about ½ a lemon)
- 2 tablespoons (40 grams) of pure maple syrup (Grade B is often recommended)
- 1/10 teaspoon (0.2 grams) of cayenne pepper (or more to taste)
- 8 to 12 ounces of purified or spring water
Mix the ingredients and drink whenever you feel hungry. At least six servings per day are recommended.
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A Modified Lemonade Cleanse Recipe
Becky Hardin, founder of The Cookie Rookie, offers a modified version of the Master Cleanse recipe. This recipe aims to improve the taste and make the cleanse more enjoyable.
- 1 cup lemon juice
- 2 tablespoons honey
- ¼ teaspoon cayenne pepper
- ¼ teaspoon ground ginger
- 4 cups hot water
Instructions:
- In a mug, combine the lemon juice, honey, and spices. Stir well to combine as much as possible.
- Pour hot water into four separate glasses, about 1 cup each.
- Top each with ¼ of the lemon mixture, making 4 drinks total.
This modified recipe swaps maple syrup for honey and adds ground ginger. Honey is a natural sweetener that provides the body with necessary energy during the fast. The addition of ginger offers a spicy kick and aids in digestion.
Potential Benefits of the Master Cleanse
Proponents of the Master Cleanse claim several benefits, though scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited.
- Weight Loss: The Master Cleanse diet typically leads to weight loss due to its very low-calorie content. One study found that adults who drank lemon water with honey during four days of fasting lost an average of 4.8 pounds (2.2 kg). Another study found that women who drank a sweetened lemon beverage while fasting for seven days lost an average of 5.7 pounds (2.6 kg) and also had less inflammation. Any weight loss you see on this plan is almost entirely from the drastic drop in calories and not from the ingredients themselves.
- Detoxification: The Master Cleanse is promoted as a way to clear out built-up toxins in your body, which encourages weight loss and helps you feel focused and energized. The lemon and cayenne are supposed to help purge the toxins in your body. Some believe it provides an opportunity to make a change in your diet by giving you a break from your normal habits.
- Digestive System Rest: The Master Cleanse is designed to rest the digestive system. By abstaining from solid foods, the body can focus on eliminating toxins and waste.
- Mental Reset: Aside from its potential physical benefits, the Master Cleanse could help give you a mental “reset” of sorts.
- Easy to Follow: Beyond making the Master Cleanse lemonade and drinking it when you are hungry, no cooking or calorie counting is required. This can be very appealing for people with busy schedules or those who do not enjoy food preparation.
- Relatively Inexpensive: Since the only items allowed on the Master Cleanse are lemon juice, maple syrup, cayenne pepper, salt, water, and tea, grocery bills are relatively low while on the cleanse. However, the Master Cleanse is only a short-term diet, so this benefit only lasts as long as you remain on the cleanse.
Potential Risks and Drawbacks
Despite the claimed benefits, the Master Cleanse carries several risks and drawbacks:
- Nutrient Deficiencies: A lemon, cayenne pepper, and honey diet is notably lacking in protein and fat, as well as micronutrients like B vitamins, iron, and magnesium. Drinking only lemon juice, maple syrup, and cayenne pepper does not provide enough fiber, protein, fat, vitamins, or minerals for your body’s needs.
- Unsustainable Weight Loss: This quick-fix diet may help you drop pounds rapidly, but it’s not a long-term solution for weight management. Because the plan is so restrictive, most of the weight loss is from water and glycogen stores, not fat - which will likely creep back up after you resume your usual diet.
- Potential for Disordered Eating: For some people, a fad diet like this one is either the cause or the result of a negative relationship with food. Be aware that its restrictive nature could trigger disordered eating behaviors.
- Lack of Scientific Evidence: This diet’s health claims are based more on conjecture and personal anecdotes than scientific evidence.
- Interactions with Health Conditions: The high acid content of lemon juice could cause problems for people with certain health concerns. People with digestive conditions like reflux or ulcers may find it irritating.
- Social Isolation: If you’re skipping solid food for weeks at a time, you’ll probably miss out on the pleasure of eating with others.
- High Sugar Intake: Just one serving of the Master Cleanse lemonade contains over 23 grams of sugar, and maple syrup is the main source of calories during the cleanse. Therefore, the recommended serving of six lemonades per day includes over 138 grams of added sugar.
- Stressful and Difficult to Stick To: Going more than a week without solid food can be very difficult, both mentally and physically. Some people may find it difficult to attend social events or outings with friends, since they cannot partake in group meals. Additionally, restricting your calorie intake can be taxing on the body and temporarily increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which is linked to weight gain over time.
- Unpleasant Side Effects: Very low-calorie diets, including the Master Cleanse, can cause side effects in some people. The most common complaints are bad breath, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, muscle weakness and cramps, hair loss, poor cold tolerance, and nausea.
- Gallstones: Gallstones can also occur in some people, since rapid weight loss increases the risk of developing them.
- Constipation: Constipation is another common complaint, since no solid food is eaten during the cleanse. Salt water flushes and herbal laxative teas are used to stimulate bowel movements instead but may cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and nausea in some people.
- Inappropriate for Certain Individuals: Very low-calorie diets like the Master Cleanse are not appropriate for everyone. Women who are pregnant or lactating should not do the Master Cleanse, since they need larger amounts of calories and nutrients. It is also not appropriate for those with a history of eating disorders, since restrictive dieting and laxative use may increase the risk of relapse. People who take insulin or sulfonylureas to manage blood sugars should also use caution before starting a juice cleanse, as they may develop low blood sugar. Anyone with a history of heart issues should consult with their doctor before fasting in order to avoid possible electrolyte imbalances that might affect the heart.
How to Do the Master Cleanse
The Master Cleanse diet must be followed strictly over a period of 7 to 10 days. It’s broken up into three phases: Ease In, the Lemonade Diet, and Ease Out.
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Ease-In Phase
The Ease-In section isn’t technically required, but it’s recommended as a way to prepare your body for the rest of the diet. This first phase is divided into three days:
- Day 1: Focus on living foods, such as vegetables and whole grains. Begin to develop more awareness about the foods you choose and notice which are fresh and raw. Begin to focus on these types of food and eliminate all processed foods, meat, dairy, alcohol, caffeine, and sugar.
- Day 2: Completely eliminate all processed foods, meat, dairy, alcohol, caffeine, and processed sugars from your meals.
- Day 3: Switch to a liquid diet to prepare your body and mind for the days ahead. If you have a juicer or blender, then make fresh vegetable and fruit smoothies and juices from organic produce. Drink several glasses of fresh-squeezed, organic orange juice during the day. Also, drink plenty of water.
Lemonade Diet Phase
The Lemonade Diet phase is the main component of the Master Cleanse. During this phase, you consume only a special “lemonade,” which is meant to be drunk six to 12 times per day, or whenever you’re hungry.
The Master Cleanse lemonade is made up of:
- 2 tbsp. of organic lemon juice that must be freshly squeezed
- 2 tbsp. of organic grade B maple syrup (not imitation maple syrup, as it contains additives)
- 1/10 tsp. of ground cayenne pepper
- 10 oz. of filtered water
During the Lemonade Diet phase, you must also take either a nightly herbal laxative, which you can buy at a drug store, or a morning saltwater flush made up of water and sea salt. These are meant to induce daily bowel movements.
- Salt Water Flush: Add 2 level teaspoons of non-iodized sea salt to a full quart of lukewarm water. Drink the entire quart of salt and water first thing in the morning. Several eliminations will likely occur during the next hour.
Ease-Out Phase
When you break a fast like the Master Cleanse, it is very important to slowly ease yourself back into your normal diet in order to avoid serious digestive problems. The Ease-Out phase is essentially the Ease-In stage in reverse:
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- Day 1: Drink several 8oz glasses of fresh-squeezed organic orange juice as desired during the day.
- Day 2: Sometime during the afternoon, prepare an organic vegetable soup (no canned soup). Drink fresh-squeezed organic orange juice in the morning. Have the soup for the evening meal using the broth mostly, although some of the vegetables may be eaten. Organic whole grain rye wafers may be eaten sparingly with the soup, but no bread or crackers.
- Day 3: Drink fresh-squeezed organic orange juice in the morning. For the evening meal have whatever is desired in the form of organic vegetables, salads, or fruit only. Normal eating may be resumed.
Once the Master Cleanse has been completed, it’s important to wait at least 60 days before going on another cleanse.
A Typical Day on the Master Cleanse
Here’s what one day on the Master Cleanse diet can look like:
- First thing in the morning: Drink one quart (32 fl oz) of warm water mixed with 2 teaspoons of sea salt to stimulate your bowels.
- Throughout the day: Have at least six servings of Master Cleanse lemonade whenever you feel hungry.
- Before bed: Drink one cup of herbal laxative tea, if desired.
What to Avoid During the Master Cleanse
During the Master Cleanse, all foods other than the homemade lemon beverage are off-limits for at least 10 days on this cleanse.
Addressing Common Misconceptions
- The Myth of Toxin Removal: There’s no scientific evidence supporting the claim that the cleanse helps to clear toxins out of the body. In fact, the body is designed to eliminate toxins on its own through the kidneys, liver, and lungs. This means people don’t necessarily need to go on cleanse diets to detoxify their bodies.
- Long-Term Sustainability: The Master Cleanse is a crash diet that isn’t safe or sustainable. People can lose weight on this diet. However, they’ll most likely gain the weight again after this type of weight loss. Repeated periods of weight loss and gain can severely stress your body, particularly your cardiovascular system.
Alternatives to the Master Cleanse
If you’re looking for a way to support your body’s natural detoxification process, a healthy, varied diet is far more effective. Focus on balanced eating, plenty of fruits and vegetables, adequate protein, whole grains, hydration, and regular movement. These habits are much more sustainable and beneficial than quick fixes like the Master Cleanse.
Other ways to support your body, maintain your digestive system, and maintain a healthy weight include incorporating more healthy foods that will not only help you shed excess weight but also improve your health. Simply incorporate these “fat-burning” foods into your diet by substituting them for your normal “fattening” foods.