Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining, affecting a significant portion of the global population. It is responsible for 70 to 90 percent of gastric ulcers and may lead to stomach cancer if left untreated. While many infected individuals remain asymptomatic, understanding the role of diet in managing H. pylori is crucial for overall gastrointestinal (GI) health.
Understanding Helicobacter pylori
H. pylori is a bacterium that grows in the gastric mucous layer. About 80 to 90 percent of people infected with H. pylori show no symptoms, which makes it hard for doctors to diagnose. One study found that 43 percent of people worldwide have the bacteria. The infection is caused when H. pylori enters the stomach lining. It can be passed between people through contact with bodily fluids such as saliva, vomit, or stool. Contaminated surfaces, food, and water may also contribute to the spread of H. pylori. H. pylori infection results in a 3- to 6-fold increase in the relative risk for developing gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Although more than half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori (usually in childhood), the vast majority of infected individuals never develop gastric cancer. For those individuals who are infected, attributable risk estimates range from 50 to 73%, such that about half a million new cases of gastric cancer yearly (about 55% of the total number of cases), are directly attributable to infection with H. pylori [6].
H. pylori is classified as a Group I carcinogen and may cause pathologic changes later in life. H. pylori contributes to gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as chronic gastritis.
The Role of Diet in Managing H. pylori
The food you eat has an effect on the symptoms and severity of an H. pylori infection. Certain foods and dietary components may help reduce Helicobacter pylori colonization and may serve as adjuncts to standard therapy (e.g. antibiotics). It is important to note that diet changes do not reliably get rid of the infection by themselves. Modifying your diet can ease symptoms and manage the infection effectively. Seeking treatment upon diagnosis is crucial. Adopting specific dietary habits, like eating key beneficial foods and avoiding others, significantly contributes to symptom management.
Beneficial Foods to Include in Your Diet
If you have H. pylori or are at higher risk of developing a stomach ulcer, it is important to pay close attention to the types of foods you’re incorporating into your diet. Some foods can increase stomach acid and feed the harmful bacteria, causing H. pylori to worsen. On the contrary, other foods help to keep harmful bacteria at ease and reduce stomach acid, helping the infection clear up faster and prevent it from worsening.
Read also: Weight Loss and H. pylori Infection
Probiotics: Pickles, natto, sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, and other probiotic foods keep your digestive system running smoothly by increasing beneficial gut bacteria. Lactobacilli and other probiotics have been found to ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms linked with the bacteria. Plus, research indicates that supplementation with S. boulardii may help destroy H. pylori when used as part of a standard treatment plan. It may help reduce adverse effects such as bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Depending on your preferences, you can take probiotic supplements, eat probiotic foods or both as part of an ulcer diet. Miso, tempeh, yogurt, kombucha, pickled vegetables, buttermilk, and some types of cheese are naturally rich in probiotics and may improve digestive health. On top of that, they may help relieve bloating, gas, diarrhea, and other side effects of antibiotics, which are usually the first line of treatment for an H. pylori infection. Yogurt and fermented foods introduce beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These probiotic powerhouses not only support digestion but also contribute to creating an environment less favorable for H. pylori. They help your gut’s healthy bacteria thrive. Probiotics are present in certain fermented foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. They can also be taken as a daily supplement as a capsule, powder or liquid. Because probiotics stimulate the good bacteria in the gut, they help to stimulate the production of healthy flora that fight bacteria and decrease the side effects of H. pylori infection.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Olive oil, fatty fish, nuts, and other foods rich in polyunsaturated fats may protect against Helicobacter pylori-related gastric disorders. Omega-3s may help prevent gastric cancer and restore digestive health after a chronic H. pylori infection. These healthy fats also support cardiovascular function, fight inflammation, and relieve arthritis symptoms. Scientists have found that omega-3s may lower the risk of inflammatory bowel disorders. Due to their antioxidant properties, they scavenge free radical damage - a major contributing factor to gastric cancer. The same review suggests that walnuts - which are chock-full of vitamin E and healthy fats - may help maintain GI health. But walnuts are far from the only sources of omega-3s. If you’re allergic to nuts, you can fill up on salmon, tuna, mackerel, chia seeds, sunflower seeds, and extra virgin olive oil. These foods are loaded with polyunsaturated fatty acids and other essential nutrients. In fact, daily intake of fish and olive oil may lower the risk of H. pylori infection. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may be beneficial in reducing stomach inflammation which can help to prevent the growth of H. pylori.
Fruits and Vegetables: Fruits and vegetables may be particularly beneficial for people who carry this pathogen. Studies indicate that high fruit intakes may lower the risk of gastric cancer by up to 33 percent. Due to their high antioxidant levels, these foods may help neutralize oxidative damage and protect the gastric mucosa. Some nutrients, such as vitamin C, may inhibit gastric cancer cell growth. Fill up on fruits and vegetables. These are always important to incorporate into your diet since they are rich in nutrients. It is important to focus on non-acidic fruits and vegetables such as berries and cruciferous vegetables. Some examples of fruits and vegetables that are okay to eat with H. pylori include blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, apples, broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach.
White Meats and Fish: White meats and fish are a safe option for people with H. pylori since they have a lower fat content. This makes digestion easier and prevents food from sitting in the stomach for too long. It is best to prepare meats and fish by boiling or sauteeing them in olive oil. Avoid frying these meats since fried food is not ideal for people with H. pylori.
Honey: Honey and tea do a lot more than just relieve a sore throat or improve your sleep. They may also protect against H. pylori infection. In one study, participants who consumed honey at least once a week for a week, and green and black tea one day a week or more, had a significantly lower risk of H. pylori infection. Another study found a link between regular honey consumption and lower rates of the H. pylori infection - but this is not a concrete link. That same study shows that eating yogurt more than five times a week may help protect against this condition and make it easier to manage its symptoms. Eat honey and yogurt more often to reap the benefits, which overall are beneficial for GI health. Also, start your day with a cup of green or black tea. Both types of tea are rich in antioxidants and exhibit antimicrobial properties. Honey has been found to have anti-bacterial properties which can help your body fight off H. pylori. Incorporate honey into your diet by adding it to tea or foods such as yogurt. Certain types of honey, especially Manuka honey, have gained attention for their antibacterial properties. Manuka honey, in particular, has demonstrated efficacy against Helicobacter pylori. Incorporating a teaspoon of Manuka honey into warm water or herbal teas provides not only a sweet treat but also a potential ally in your journey to manage H. pylori.
Read also: Managing H. pylori with Diet
Spices: Some spices may also be helpful to incorporate such as turmeric. Turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties which may help to reduce inflammation in the gut caused by H. pylori. Garlic is well-known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Including garlic in your diet can be beneficial in managing Helicobacter pylori.
High-Fiber Foods: Eating high-fiber foods has been shown to lower the risk of gastric cancer. High fiber foods include apples, berries, broccoli, corn, dried fruit, leafy green vegetables, and potatoes with skins. Get more fiber. Whole grains, including brown rice, quinoa, and oats, offer a rich source of fiber. Fiber plays a crucial role in regulating bowel movements and promoting overall digestive health.
Foods to Limit or Avoid
Adding healthy foods into your diet is important when you have H. pylori but it is equally as important to avoid eating foods that will exacerbate the infection. It is crucial to limit or avoid certain foods.
Alcohol: Cut down on alcohol. Alcoholic beverages like beer and wine increase stomach inflammation and worsen symptoms of H. Pylori infection. It is best to avoid alcohol entirely if you have an H. Pylori infection.
Caffeine-Containing Foods and Drinks: Caffeine-containing foods and drinks should be limited because they can irritate the gastric mucosa, leading to a burning sensation and discomfort.
Read also: The H. pylori Connection
Acidic Fruit: Acidic fruit can increase gastric acid, thereby increasing the risk of gastric ulcers.
Spicy Foods: Spicy or acidic foods like garlic, mustard and pepper can all have a negative effect on people with H. pylori. These can exacerbate inflammation and irritate the stomach lining. Spicy foods can irritate the stomach lining and worsen symptoms associated with Helicobacter pylori.
High-Fat Foods: Fatty foods like fatty meats and fried foods can make digestion slow down, causing foods to stay in the stomach longer, worsening symptoms of H. pylori. Fatty and fried foods can delay stomach emptying and may intensify symptoms.
Processed Foods: Processed foods often contain many preservatives and chemical additives that can irritate the stomach and intestines, exacerbating inflammation.
Salty Foods: Salty foods containing sodium should be avoided because salty foods change the properties of the mucous membrane that protects the stomach, Helicobacter pylori bacteria can easily penetrate the mucosal layer in the stomach.
Sodas and Other Carbonated Beverages: Sodas and other carbonated beverages should be avoided.
Sample Meal Plans
Maintaining a special diet rich in foods that manage H. pylori can be tricky if you’re not used to moderating the foods you eat. Any combination of H. pylori-friendly foods can be put together to create delicious and healthy meals that won’t further upset your digestive tract.
Breakfast: Yogurt with honey and berries, Oatmeal with fruit and nuts.
Lunch: Grilled chicken salad with olive oil dressing, Fish with steamed vegetables.
Dinner: Baked chicken with roasted vegetables, Lentil soup with whole-grain bread.
The Importance of a Holistic Approach
Managing H. pylori becomes easier when you make healthy lifestyle choices and collaborate closely with your healthcare provider to address the infection. Adopting specific dietary habits, like eating key beneficial foods and avoiding others, significantly contributes to symptom management. It’s essential to communicate openly with your doctor regarding potential treatment side effects and strategies for effective management.
While embracing the recommended foods, it is equally important to be mindful of those that may exacerbate Helicobacter pylori symptoms. Avoiding certain foods can help manage the condition more effectively.
In addition to adopting a Helicobacter pylori-friendly diet, seeking guidance and support from healthcare professionals is crucial.
Potential Side Effects of H. pylori Treatment
H. pylori is commonly treated with a combination of antibiotics. Antibiotics can have several side effects like a metallic taste in your mouth, nausea and diarrhea.
Additional Considerations
Frequent consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has been associated with protection against H. pylori. These associations may be attributed to the properties of some compounds present in these foods such as vitamin C, polyphenols, and flavonoids. In contrast, a diet high in carbohydrates, sweets, sausages, hamburgers, mayonnaise, and soft drinks was positively associated with H. pylori.
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